NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF LEGISLATION submitted in accordance with Assembly Rule III, Sec 1(f)
 
BILL NUMBER: A7043A
SPONSOR: Fahy
 
TITLE OF BILL:
An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing a school speed zone camera demonstration
program in the city of Albany; and providing for the repeal of such
provisions upon expiration thereof
 
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:
The purpose of this bill is to allow the city of Albany to implement a
pilot program for a speed violation camera monitoring system in school
speed zones.
 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:
Section 1 amends the vehicle and traffic law by adding a new section
1180-f. This authorizes the City of Albany to establish a demonstration
program - imposing monetary liability on the owners of motor vehicles
found to be in violation of the maximum school speed limit in Albany
through the use of a speed limit photo device which combines speed sens-
ing technology which determines the speed of a vehicle and
captures/records that data by photographic, micrographic, video tape, or
other recording system and produces an image of a motor vehicle at the
moment that it exceeds the speed limit. Albany will be authorized to
operate cameras in no more than twenty school zones at any one time
during the program, and, in selecting a school speed zone in which to
install and operate a speed camera system, the city must consider crite-
ria including, speed data, crash history, and the roadway geometry
applicable to such school speed zone. If Albany adopts a demonstration
program, the city is required to conduct a study and submit an annual
report on the results of the use of speed camera systems to the Gover-
nor, temporary President of the Senate, and Speaker of the Assembly.
Section 2 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law by adding a
new Subdivision 17 to include the ability to adjudicate the liability of
owners for violations of section 1180-f of this chapter.
Section 3 amends subdivision (2) of section 87 of the public officers
law by adding a paragraph (s) authorizing photographs, microphotographs,
videotape, or other recorded images prepared under the authority of
section 1:80-f of the vehicle and traffic law.
Section 4 sets the effective date and provides for an expiration of 5
years after such effective date.
 
JUSTIFICATION:
Speeding motorists are a pervasive problem in some areas of the City of
Albany. Speed violations are often a significant factor in accidents,
which may result in death or injury to motorists, bicyclists, and pedes-
trians. Speeding motorists are especially an issue in school zones,
where children and families are vulnerable to distracted, speeding driv-
ers.
The City of Albany Police Department's Capital Region Crime Analysis
Center produced a report on the number of accidents and Uniform Traffic
Tickets issued for speeding (i.e., speeding tickets) surrounding school
zones within the city between 2018-2022. The report identified 46
schools located within the city, including, but not limited to, private
schools, academies, colleges, and education centers. The area surround-
ing the schools was described as a 1,320-foot radius.
Between 2018-2022, there were 11,283 reported vehicular accidents in
school zones in the City of Albany, with 2,109 total injuries resulting
from the accidents and 11 total deaths resulting from the accidents. Of
the 11 motor vehicle accidents resulting in a fatality, five involved a
pedestrian and six involved a motor vehicle occupant, three of which
were operating a motorcycle.
Between 2018-2022, there were 1,765 reported speeding incidents in
school zones in the City of Albany, with 371 of the total incidents
resulting from tickets written under NYS VTL § 1180(C), defined as, in
summary, speeding violations that occur in school zones, on school days,
and during hours posted on speed limit signs, most commonly between
7:00am and 6:00pm.
The data shows that there are alarming numbers of vehicular accidents
and resulting injuries occurring in school zones in the City of Albany.
Further, extensive reporting from the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, the Governors High-
way Safety Association, the National Safety Council, and the Institute
for Road Safety Research (the Netherlands), among other sources, identi-
fy speeding as a significant factor in accidents. Therefore, where
speeding is considered one of the most predictable factors present in
vehicle accidents, the high number of accidents reported in Albany's
school zones (11,283 total between 2018-2022) suggests speeding motor-
ists are an issue in the city's school zones. Yet, the low number of
reported Uniform Traffic Tickets issued for speeding in those same
school zones (1,765 total speeding tickets between 2018-2022) suggests
that there are far more speeding motorists exceeding speed limits in
school zones than there are law enforcement officers available to detect
speeding and issue citations.
Under current law, a police officer must be present at the scene of a
speeding incident to observe the violation and serve the operator of the
vehicle with a summons. However, like other police departments across
the nation, the Albany Police Department is facing personnel shortages
and therefore it is nearly impossible for a police officer to observe
every speeding violation in the city, especially those in school zones.
Thus, the purpose of this legislation is to develop a system which will
supplement law enforcement efforts by using recent technology to record
speeding violations on film or other recording devices.
The program will operate in the same manner as the Red Light Camera
Program, which has successfully reduced the incidences of red light
violations in the City of Albany, as well as in other parts of New York,
ultimately preventing accidents and saving lives.
Technology presently exists which will photographically capture vehicles
which exceed the maximum speed limit without the presence of a police
officer. This technology combines speed sensing technology that deter-
mines the speed of a vehicle and captures/records that data by photo-
graphic, micrographic, video tape, or other recording system and produc-
es an image of a motor vehicle at the moment that it exceeds the speed
limit. This image can then be used as evidence in a proceeding to impose
liability on the owner of the vehicle for the speeding violation. The
enactment of this legislation will provide the City of Albany with a
greater ability to enforce appropriate speeds in school zones, hopefully
saving lives in the process.
 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
New Bill
 
FISCAL IMPLICATION:
None to the State. Fiscal impact to the City of Albany is to be deter-
mined.
 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately and shall expire five years after
such effective date when upon such date the provisions of this act shall
be deemed repealed; and provided, however, that the authorization for
the demonstration project shall be suspended immediately in the event
that the annual report required under the bill is not submitted on or
before April 1 of each year.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
7043--A
2023-2024 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY
May 10, 2023
___________
Introduced by M. of A. FAHY -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Transportation -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered
reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing a school speed zone camera demonstration
program in the city of Albany; and providing for the repeal of such
provisions upon expiration thereof
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
2 section 1180-f to read as follows:
3 § 1180-f. Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with
4 certain posted maximum speed limits. (a) 1. Notwithstanding any other
5 provision of law, the city of Albany is hereby authorized to establish a
6 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
7 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with posted maximum
8 speed limits in a school speed zone within such city (i) when a school
9 speed limit is in effect as provided in paragraphs one and two of subdi-
10 vision (c) of section eleven hundred eighty of this article or (ii) when
11 other speed limits are in effect as provided in subdivision (b), (d),
12 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this article during the
13 following times: (A) on school days during school hours and one hour
14 before and one hour after the school day, and (B) a period during
15 student activities at the school and up to thirty minutes immediately
16 before and up to thirty minutes immediately after such student activ-
17 ities. Such demonstration program shall empower the city of Albany to
18 install photo speed violation monitoring systems within no more than
19 twenty school speed zones within such city at any one time and to oper-
20 ate such systems within such zones (iii) when a school speed limit is in
21 effect as provided in paragraphs one and two of subdivision (c) of
22 section eleven hundred eighty of this article or (iv) when other speed
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD10033-02-3
A. 7043--A 2
1 limits are in effect as provided in subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of
2 section eleven hundred eighty of this article during the following
3 times: (A) on school days during school hours and one hour before and
4 one hour after the school day, and (B) a period during student activ-
5 ities at the school and up to thirty minutes immediately before and up
6 to thirty minutes immediately after such student activities. In select-
7 ing a school speed zone in which to install and operate a photo speed
8 violation monitoring system, the city shall consider criteria including,
9 but not limited to, the speed data, crash history, and the roadway geom-
10 etry applicable to such school speed zone.
11 2. No photo speed violation monitoring system shall be used in a
12 school speed zone unless (i) on the day it is to be used it has success-
13 fully passed a self-test of its functions; and (ii) it has undergone an
14 annual calibration check performed pursuant to paragraph four of this
15 subdivision. The city shall install signs giving notice that a photo
16 speed violation monitoring system is in use to be mounted on advance
17 warning signs notifying motor vehicle operators of such upcoming school
18 speed zone and/or on speed limit signs applicable within such school
19 speed zone, in conformance with standards established in the MUTCD.
20 3. Operators of photo speed violation monitoring systems shall have
21 completed training in the procedures for setting up, testing, and oper-
22 ating such systems. Each such operator shall complete and sign a daily
23 set-up log for each such system that he or she operates that (i) states
24 the date and time when, and the location where, the system was set up
25 that day, and (ii) states that such operator successfully performed, and
26 the system passed, the self-tests of such system before producing a
27 recorded image that day. The city shall retain each such daily log until
28 the later of the date on which the photo speed violation monitoring
29 system to which it applies has been permanently removed from use or the
30 final resolution of all cases involving notices of liability issued
31 based on photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded
32 images produced by such system.
33 4. Each photo speed violation monitoring system shall undergo an annu-
34 al calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory
35 which shall issue a signed certificate of calibration. The city shall
36 keep each such annual certificate of calibration on file until the final
37 resolution of all cases involving a notice of liability issued during
38 such year which were based on photographs, microphotographs, videotape
39 or other recorded images produced by such photo speed violation monitor-
40 ing system.
41 5. (i) Such demonstration program shall utilize necessary technologies
42 to ensure, to the extent practicable, that photographs, microphoto-
43 graphs, videotape or other recorded images produced by such photo speed
44 violation monitoring systems shall not include images that identify the
45 driver, the passengers, or the contents of the vehicle. Provided,
46 however, that no notice of liability issued pursuant to this section
47 shall be dismissed solely because such a photograph, microphotograph,
48 videotape or other recorded image allows for the identification of the
49 driver, the passengers, or the contents of vehicles where the city shows
50 that it made reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of this
51 paragraph in such case.
52 (ii) Photographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded
53 image from a photo speed violation monitoring system shall be for the
54 exclusive use of the city for the purpose of the adjudication of liabil-
55 ity imposed pursuant to this section and of the owner receiving a notice
56 of liability pursuant to this section, and shall be destroyed by the
A. 7043--A 3
1 city upon the final resolution of the notice of liability to which such
2 photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images
3 relate, or one year following the date of issuance of such notice of
4 liability, whichever is later. Notwithstanding the provisions of any
5 other law, rule or regulation to the contrary, photographs, microphoto-
6 graphs, videotape or any other recorded image from a photo speed
7 violation monitoring system shall not be open to the public, nor subject
8 to civil or criminal process or discovery, nor used by any court or
9 administrative or adjudicatory body in any action or proceeding therein
10 except that which is necessary for the adjudication of a notice of
11 liability issued pursuant to this section, and no public entity or
12 employee, officer or agent thereof shall disclose such information,
13 except that such photographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other
14 recorded images from such systems:
15 (A) shall be available for inspection and copying and use by the motor
16 vehicle owner and operator for so long as such photographs, microphoto-
17 graphs, videotape or other recorded images are required to be maintained
18 or are maintained by such public entity, employee, officer or agent; and
19 (B) (1) shall be furnished when described in a search warrant issued
20 by a court authorized to issue such a search warrant pursuant to article
21 six hundred ninety of the criminal procedure law or a federal court
22 authorized to issue such a search warrant under federal law, where such
23 search warrant states that there is reasonable cause to believe such
24 information constitutes evidence of, or tends to demonstrate that, a
25 misdemeanor or felony offense was committed in this state or another
26 state, or that a particular person participated in the commission of a
27 misdemeanor or felony offense in this state or another state, provided,
28 however, that if such offense was against the laws of another state, the
29 court shall only issue a warrant if the conduct comprising such offense
30 would, if occurring in this state, constitute a misdemeanor or felony
31 against the laws of this state; and
32 (2) shall be furnished in response to a subpoena duces tecum signed by
33 a judge of competent jurisdiction and issued pursuant to article six
34 hundred ten of the criminal procedure law or a judge or magistrate of a
35 federal court authorized to issue such a subpoena duces tecum under
36 federal law, where the judge finds and the subpoena states that there is
37 reasonable cause to believe such information is relevant and material to
38 the prosecution, or the defense, or the investigation by an authorized
39 law enforcement official, of the alleged commission of a misdemeanor or
40 felony in this state or another state, provided, however, that if such
41 offense was against the laws of another state, such judge or magistrate
42 shall only issue such subpoena if the conduct comprising such offense
43 would, if occurring in this state, constitute a misdemeanor or felony in
44 this state; and
45 (3) may, if lawfully obtained pursuant to this clause and clause (A)
46 of this subparagraph and otherwise admissible, be used in such criminal
47 action or proceeding.
48 (b) If the city of Albany establishes a demonstration program pursuant
49 to subdivision (a) of this section, the owner of a vehicle shall be
50 liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section if such vehicle
51 was used or operated with the permission of the owner, express or
52 implied, within a school speed zone in violation of subdivision (c) or
53 during the times authorized pursuant to subdivision (a) of this section
54 in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
55 hundred eighty of this article, such vehicle was traveling at a speed of
56 more than ten miles per hour above the posted speed limit in effect
A. 7043--A 4
1 within such school speed zone, and such violation is evidenced by infor-
2 mation obtained from a photo speed violation monitoring system; provided
3 however that no owner of a vehicle shall be liable for a penalty imposed
4 pursuant to this section where the operator of such vehicle has been
5 convicted of the underlying violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
6 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this article.
7 (c) For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the
8 following meanings:
9 1. "manual on uniform traffic control devices" or "MUTCD" shall mean
10 the manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control
11 devices maintained by the commissioner of transportation pursuant to
12 section sixteen hundred eighty of this chapter;
13 2. "owner" shall have the meaning provided in article two-B of this
14 chapter;
15 3. "photo speed violation monitoring system" shall mean a vehicle
16 sensor installed to work in conjunction with a speed measuring device
17 which automatically produces two or more photographs, two or more micro-
18 photographs, a videotape or other recorded images of each vehicle at the
19 time it is used or operated in a school speed zone in violation of
20 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
21 of this article in accordance with the provisions of this section; and
22 4. "school speed zone" shall mean a distance not to exceed one thou-
23 sand three hundred twenty feet on a highway passing a school building,
24 entrance or exit of a school abutting on the highway.
25 (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by
26 the city of Albany, or a facsimile thereof, based upon inspection of
27 photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images
28 produced by a photo speed violation monitoring system, shall be prima
29 facie evidence of the facts contained therein. Any photographs, micro-
30 photographs, videotape or other recorded images evidencing such a
31 violation shall include at least two date and time stamped images of the
32 rear of the motor vehicle that include the same stationary object near
33 the motor vehicle and shall be available for inspection reasonably in
34 advance of and at any proceeding to adjudicate the liability for such
35 violation pursuant to this section.
36 (e) An owner liable for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
37 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this article pursuant to a
38 demonstration program established pursuant to this section shall be
39 liable for monetary penalties in accordance with a schedule of fines and
40 penalties to be promulgated by the parking violations bureau of the city
41 of Albany. The liability of the owner pursuant to this section shall not
42 exceed fifty dollars for each violation; provided, however, that such
43 parking violations bureau may provide for an additional penalty not in
44 excess of twenty-five dollars for each violation for the failure to
45 respond to a notice of liability within the prescribed time period.
46 (f) An imposition of liability under the demonstration program estab-
47 lished pursuant to this section shall not be deemed a conviction as an
48 operator and shall not be made part of the operating record of the
49 person upon whom such liability is imposed nor shall it be used for
50 insurance purposes in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.
51 (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each
52 person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision
53 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this arti-
54 cle pursuant to this section, within fourteen business days if such
55 owner is a resident of this state and within forty-five business days if
56 such owner is a non-resident. Personal delivery on the owner shall not
A. 7043--A 5
1 be required. A manual or automatic record of mailing prepared in the
2 ordinary course of business shall be prima facie evidence of the facts
3 contained therein.
4 2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the
5 person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision
6 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this arti-
7 cle pursuant to this section, the registration number of the vehicle
8 involved in such violation, the location where such violation took
9 place, the date and time of such violation, the identification number of
10 the camera which recorded the violation or other document locator
11 number, at least two date and time stamped images of the rear of the
12 motor vehicle that include the same stationary object near the motor
13 vehicle, and the certificate charging the liability.
14 3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the
15 person charged of the manner and the time in which he or she may contest
16 the liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability shall also
17 contain a prominent warning to advise the person charged that failure to
18 contest in the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission of
19 liability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
20 4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by the city of
21 Albany, or by any other entity authorized by the city to prepare and
22 mail such notice of liability.
23 (h) Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners of this section
24 shall be by the city of Albany parking violations bureau.
25 (i) If an owner receives a notice of liability pursuant to this
26 section for any time period during which the vehicle or the number plate
27 or plates of such vehicle was reported to the police department as
28 having been stolen, it shall be a valid defense to an allegation of
29 liability for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
30 section eleven hundred eighty of this article pursuant to this section
31 that the vehicle or the number plate or plates of such vehicle had been
32 reported to the police as stolen prior to the time the violation
33 occurred and had not been recovered by such time. For purposes of
34 asserting the defense provided by this subdivision, it shall be suffi-
35 cient that a certified copy of the police report on the stolen vehicle
36 or number plate or plates of such vehicle be sent by first class mail to
37 the city of Albany parking violations bureau or by any other entity
38 authorized by the city to prepare and mail such notice of liability.
39 (j) Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners of this section
40 shall be by the city of Albany parking violations bureau.
41 (k) 1. An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of
42 liability was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall
43 not be liable for the violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
44 of section eleven hundred eighty of this article pursuant to this
45 section, provided that:
46 (i) prior to the violation, the lessor has filed with such parking
47 violations bureau in accordance with the provisions of section two
48 hundred thirty-nine of this chapter; and
49 (ii) within thirty-seven days after receiving notice from such bureau
50 of the date and time of a liability, together with the other information
51 contained in the original notice of liability, the lessor submits to
52 such bureau the correct name and address of the lessee of the vehicle
53 identified in the notice of liability at the time of such violation,
54 together with such other additional information contained in the rental,
55 lease or other contract document, as may be reasonably required by such
56 bureau pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated for such purpose.
A. 7043--A 6
1 2. Failure to comply with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph one of this
2 subdivision shall render the owner liable for the penalty prescribed in
3 this section.
4 3. Where the lessor complies with the provisions of paragraph one of
5 this subdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on the date of such
6 violation shall be deemed to be the owner of such vehicle for purposes
7 of this section, shall be subject to liability for such violation pursu-
8 ant to this section and shall be sent a notice of liability pursuant to
9 subdivision (g) of this section.
10 (l) 1. If the owner liable for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d)
11 of section eleven hundred eighty of this article pursuant to this
12 section was not the operator of the vehicle at the time of the
13 violation, the owner may maintain an action for indemnification against
14 the operator.
15 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no owner of a
16 vehicle shall be subject to a monetary fine imposed pursuant to this
17 section if the operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle with-
18 out the consent of the owner at the time such operator operated such
19 vehicle in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
20 eleven hundred eighty of this article. For purposes of this subdivision
21 there shall be a presumption that the operator of such vehicle was oper-
22 ating such vehicle with the consent of the owner at the time such opera-
23 tor operated such vehicle in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
24 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this article.
25 (m) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability
26 of an operator of a vehicle for any violation of subdivision (c) or (d)
27 of section eleven hundred eighty of this article.
28 (n) If the city adopts a demonstration program pursuant to subdivision
29 (a) of this section it shall conduct a study and submit an annual report
30 on the results of the use of photo devices to the governor, the tempo-
31 rary president of the senate and the speaker of the assembly on or
32 before the first day of June next succeeding the effective date of this
33 section and on the same date in each succeeding year in which the demon-
34 stration program is operable. Such report shall include:
35 1. the locations where and dates when photo speed violation monitoring
36 systems were used;
37 2. the aggregate number, type and severity of crashes, fatalities,
38 injuries and property damage reported within all school speed zones
39 within the city, to the extent the information is maintained by the
40 department of motor vehicles of this state;
41 3. the aggregate number, type and severity of crashes, fatalities,
42 injuries and property damage reported within school speed zones where
43 photo speed violation monitoring systems were used, to the extent the
44 information is maintained by the department of motor vehicles of this
45 state;
46 4. the number of violations recorded within all school speed zones
47 within the city, in the aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
48 5. the number of violations recorded within each school speed zone
49 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used, in the aggre-
50 gate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
51 6. the number of violations recorded within all school speed zones
52 within the city that were:
53 (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles per hour over the
54 posted speed limit;
55 (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
56 posted speed limit;
A. 7043--A 7
1 (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
2 posted speed limit; and
3 (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
4 7. the number of violations recorded within each school speed zone
5 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used that were:
6 (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles per hour over the
7 posted speed limit;
8 (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
9 posted speed limit;
10 (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
11 posted speed limit; and
12 (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
13 8. the total number of notices of liability issued for violations
14 recorded by such systems;
15 9. the number of fines and total amount of fines paid after the first
16 notice of liability issued for violations recorded by such systems;
17 10. the number of violations adjudicated and the results of such adju-
18 dications including breakdowns of dispositions made for violations
19 recorded by such systems;
20 11. the total amount of revenue realized by the city in connection
21 with the program;
22 12. the expenses incurred by the city in connection with the program;
23 and
24 13. the quality of the adjudication process and its results.
25 (o) It shall be a defense to any prosecution for a violation of subdi-
26 vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
27 this article pursuant to this section that such photo speed violation
28 monitoring system was malfunctioning at the time of the alleged
29 violation.
30 § 2. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended
31 by adding a new paragraph (t) to read as follows:
32 (t) are photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded
33 images prepared under the authority of section eleven hundred eighty-f
34 of the vehicle and traffic law.
35 § 3. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
36 established pursuant to section 1180-f of the vehicle and traffic law,
37 as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions
38 of section 103 of the general municipal law.
39 § 4. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
40 have become a law and shall expire December 31, 2028, when upon such
41 date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed.
42 Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any
43 rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act on its
44 effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such
45 effective date.