STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
492--B
Cal. No. 114
2023-2024 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
January 4, 2023
___________
Introduced by Sens. COMRIE, ADDABBO, JACKSON, MANNION, SKOUFIS -- read
twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the
Committee on Transportation -- committee discharged, bill amended,
ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee --
recommitted to the Committee on Transportation in accordance with
Senate Rule 6, sec. 8 -- reported favorably from said committee,
ordered to first and second report, ordered to a third reading,
amended and ordered reprinted, retaining its place in the order of
third reading
AN ACT to amend the public authorities law, in relation to enacting the
"toll payer protection act"; and to repeal certain provisions of such
law relating thereto
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as
2 the "toll payer protection act".
3 § 2. Subdivisions 3, 4 and 5 of section 2985 of the public authorities
4 law, as added by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, are amended and a new
5 subdivision 4-a is added to read as follows:
6 3. For purposes of this section, the [term] following terms shall have
7 the following meanings:
8 (a) "owner" shall mean any person, corporation, partnership, firm,
9 agency, association, lessor or organization who, [at the time of the
10 violation and] with respect to the vehicle identified in the notice of
11 liability: [(a)] (i) is the beneficial or equitable owner of such vehi-
12 cle; or [(b)] (ii) has title to such vehicle; or [(c)] (iii) is the
13 registrant or co-registrant of such vehicle which is registered with the
14 department of motor vehicles of this state or any other state, territo-
15 ry, district, province, nation or other jurisdiction; or [(d)] (iv)
16 subject to the limitations set forth in subdivision [ten] nine of this
17 section, uses such vehicle in its vehicle renting and/or leasing busi-
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD02773-10-4
S. 492--B 2
1 ness; and (v) includes [(e)] a person entitled to the use and possession
2 of a vehicle subject to a security interest in another person. [For
3 purposes of this section, the term]
4 (b) "photo-monitoring system" shall mean a vehicle sensor installed to
5 work in conjunction with a toll collection facility which automatically
6 produces one or more photographs, one or more microphotographs, a vide-
7 otape or other recorded images of each vehicle [at the time it is used
8 or operated in violation of toll collection regulations]. [For purposes
9 of this section, the term]
10 (c) "toll collection regulations" shall mean: those rules and regu-
11 lations of a public authority providing for and requiring the payment of
12 tolls and/or charges prescribed by such public authority for the use of
13 bridges, tunnels or highways under its jurisdiction or those rules and
14 regulations of a public authority making it unlawful to refuse to pay or
15 to evade or to attempt to evade the payment of all or part of any toll
16 and/or charge for the use of bridges, tunnels or highways under the
17 jurisdiction of such public authority. [For purposes of this section,
18 the term]
19 (d) "vehicle" shall mean every device in, upon or by which a person or
20 property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except
21 devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.
22 (e) "violation" shall mean the failure of an owner to pay an assessed
23 toll associated with the third notice of liability pursuant to subdivi-
24 sion five of this section.
25 4. A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by an agent of the public
26 authority which charged that [the violation occurred] a liability for an
27 obligation to pay a toll has incurred, or a facsimile thereof, based
28 upon inspection of photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other
29 recorded images produced by a photo-monitoring system shall be prima
30 facie evidence of the facts contained therein and shall be admissible in
31 any proceeding charging a [violation of toll collection regulations]
32 liability for a toll, provided that any photographs, microphotographs,
33 videotape or other recorded images evidencing such [a violation] liabil-
34 ity for a toll shall be available for inspection and admission into
35 evidence in any proceeding to adjudicate the liability for such
36 [violation] toll.
37 4-a. In adopting procedures for the preparation and mailing of a
38 notice of liability pursuant to subdivision five of this section, the
39 public authority having jurisdiction over the toll facility shall adopt
40 guidelines to ensure adequate and timely notice to all electronic toll
41 collection system account holders to inform them when their accounts are
42 delinquent.
43 5. (a) The public authority shall, within thirty days of an owner
44 incurring an obligation to pay a toll, send a first notice of liability
45 by first-class mail to such owner. Such first notice of liability shall
46 include: (i) the date, time, location, license plate number and vehicle
47 registration for each toll incurred; (ii) the identification number of
48 the photo-monitoring system which recorded the imposition of the toll or
49 other document locator number; (iii) the total amount of the toll due;
50 (iv) the date by which the toll must be paid; (v) the address for
51 receipt of payment and methods of payment for the toll; (vi) the
52 procedure for contesting any toll; (vii) information related to the
53 failure to timely pay or respond to the notice of liability; (viii) the
54 time-stamped photographs or footage of each toll incurred; and (ix) any
55 other information required by law or by the authority. The owner shall
S. 492--B 3
1 have thirty days from the date such first notice of liability was sent
2 to pay the assessed toll or appeal such liability.
3 (b) If an owner fails to pay the assessed toll associated with the
4 first notice of liability within thirty days of incurring an obligation
5 to pay a toll, the public authority shall send a second notice of
6 liability by first-class mail within thirty days of the date the owner
7 was required to respond to such first notice of liability. Such second
8 notice of liability may include a penalty for late payment, which shall
9 not exceed five dollars and shall include all of the information
10 required pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdivision. The owner shall
11 have thirty days from the date such second notice of liability was sent
12 to pay the assessed toll and penalties, or appeal such liability.
13 (c) If an owner fails to pay the assessed toll associated with the
14 second notice of liability within thirty days of the mailing of such
15 second notice of liability established in paragraph (b) of this subdivi-
16 sion, the public authority shall send by first-class mail a third notice
17 of liability within thirty days of the date the owner was required to
18 respond to such second notice of liability. The third notice of liabil-
19 ity may include a penalty which shall be twenty-five dollars or two
20 times the toll evaded, whichever is greater and shall include all of the
21 information required pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdivision. The
22 owner shall have thirty days from the date such third notice of liabil-
23 ity was sent to pay the assessed toll and penalties, or appeal such
24 liability.
25 (d) If the public authority fails to send any notice of liability
26 within the timeframes set forth in this subdivision, the owner shall not
27 be liable for payment of the tolls, or any penalty established or asso-
28 ciated with such notice of liability.
29 (e) Any first notice of liability required by paragraph (a) of this
30 subdivision to be sent by first-class mail may instead be sent by elec-
31 tronic means of communication upon the affirmative consent of the owner
32 in a form prescribed by the authority. Any affirmative consent to
33 receive a first notice of liability by electronic means shall be revoca-
34 ble by the owner at any time with notice to the public authority and
35 shall automatically be deemed revoked if the authority is unable to
36 deliver two consecutive notices by electronic means of communication.
37 Any such affirmative consent shall be a separate consent and separate
38 signature.
39 5-a. An owner found liable for a violation [of toll collection regu-
40 lations pursuant to this section], as defined in subdivision three of
41 this section, shall for a first violation thereof be liable for a mone-
42 tary penalty [not to exceed fifty dollars or two times the toll evaded
43 whichever is greater] in accordance with subdivision five of this
44 section; for a second violation thereof both within eighteen months be
45 liable for a monetary penalty not to exceed [one hundred] fifty dollars
46 or five times the toll evaded whichever is greater; for a third or
47 subsequent violation thereof all within eighteen months be liable for a
48 monetary penalty not to exceed one hundred [fifty] dollars or ten times
49 the toll evaded whichever is greater.
50 § 3. Subdivisions 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of section 2985 of the public
51 authorities law are REPEALED and four new subdivisions 7, 8, 9 and 10
52 are added to read as follows:
53 7. Every public authority that operates a cashless tolling facility,
54 tolls by mail program, or any photo-monitoring system shall promulgate
55 rules and regulations establishing a procedure by which a person alleged
56 to be liable for the payment of a toll or a violation may appeal such
S. 492--B 4
1 alleged liability or violation. Such rules and regulations shall ensure
2 such public authority completes its investigation and issues, within
3 thirty days, to the owner a final written determination of any appeal
4 pursuant to this section. Such written determination shall include the
5 relevant facts established, the reasons for the determination, what
6 actions must be taken by the owner in association with the determi-
7 nation, and what further procedures are available to the owner.
8 8. Adjudication of an owner's liability shall be by the entity having
9 jurisdiction over the cashless tolling facility or, where authorized, by
10 an administrative tribunal and all such liability determinations shall
11 be heard and determined either: (a) in the county in which the obli-
12 gation to pay a toll through the cashless tolling program was alleged to
13 occur; or (b) where the toll is alleged to have been incurred in the
14 city of New York and upon the consent of both parties, in any county
15 within the city of New York in which the public authority operates or
16 maintains a cashless tolling facility. Such adjudications shall be heard
17 and determined in the same manner as charges of other regulatory
18 violations of such public authority or pursuant to the rules and regu-
19 lations of such administrative tribunal as the case may be.
20 9. It shall be a valid defense to an allegation of liability for a
21 toll and/or violation that:
22 (a) the vehicle was not used or operated in incurring a toll pursuant
23 to this section or the regulations promulgated hereunder;
24 (b) the vehicle was used or operated without the permission of the
25 owner, express or implied;
26 (c) the recipient of a notice of liability, pursuant to subdivision
27 five of this section, was not the owner of the vehicle at the time the
28 obligation to pay the toll occurred;
29 (d) the vehicle had been stolen prior to the time the obligation was
30 incurred and was not in the possession of the owner at the time the
31 obligation was incurred. For the purposes of asserting this defense, it
32 shall be sufficient that a certified copy of the police report on the
33 stolen vehicle is submitted to the public authority, court or other
34 entity having jurisdiction; and
35 (e) the vehicle had been leased at the time the obligation was
36 incurred. For the purpose of asserting this defense, it shall be suffi-
37 cient that a copy of the rental lease or other contract document cover-
38 ing the vehicle on the date and time the toll was incurred has been
39 submitted to the public authority, court or other entity having juris-
40 diction within sixty days of the lessor receiving the first notice of
41 liability pursuant to subdivision five of this section. Such document
42 shall include the name and address of the lessee. Failure to timely
43 submit such information shall constitute a waiver of this defense. Where
44 the lessor complies with the provisions of this section, the lessee
45 shall be deemed to be the owner of the vehicle for purposes of this
46 section and shall be subject to liability pursuant to this section,
47 provided that the authority mails a toll bill to the lessee within ten
48 days after the public authority, court or other entity having jurisdic-
49 tion, deems the lessee to be the owner.
50 10. If the owner liable for a toll or violation pursuant to this
51 section was not the operator of the vehicle at the time the toll was
52 incurred, such owner may maintain an action for indemnification against
53 the operator.
54 § 4. Subdivision 12 of section 2985 of the public authorities law is
55 REPEALED and subdivisions 13 and 14 are renumbered subdivisions 11 and
56 12.
S. 492--B 5
1 § 5. Subdivision 12 of section 2985 of the public authorities law, as
2 added by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992 and as renumbered by section
3 four of this act, is amended to read as follows:
4 12. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all photographs,
5 microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images prepared pursuant
6 to this section shall be for the exclusive use of a public authority in
7 the discharge of its duties under this section and shall not be open to
8 the public nor be used in any court in any action or proceeding pending
9 therein unless such action or proceeding relates to the imposition of or
10 indemnification for liability pursuant to this section. The public
11 authority, including any subsidiary or contractor involved in implement-
12 ing or operating any cashless tolling facility, photo-monitoring system,
13 electronic toll collection system or toll by mail program, shall not
14 sell, distribute or make available in any way, the names and addresses
15 of electronic toll collection system account holders, or any owner that
16 participates in, or is subject to, such systems or programs, without
17 such account holders' or owners' consent to any entity that will use
18 such information for any commercial purpose provided that the foregoing
19 restriction shall not be deemed to preclude the exchange of such infor-
20 mation between any entities with jurisdiction over [and] such system or
21 programs or [operating] the operation of a toll highway bridge and/or
22 tunnel facility.
23 § 6. Section 2985 of the public authorities law is amended by adding
24 three new subdivisions 13, 14 and 15 to read as follows:
25 13. (a) On or after the effective date of this subdivision, no public
26 authority which operates a cashless tolling facility, photo-monitoring
27 system, electronic toll collection system or tolls by mail program shall
28 sell or transfer any debt owed to the public authority by an owner for
29 incurring a toll to a debt collection agency unless one year has passed
30 from the date the public authority sent the first notice of liability,
31 pursuant to subdivision five of this section, to the owner or the owner
32 has a total debt owed to the public authority of one thousand dollars or
33 more. The public authority shall not sell or transfer any debt to a debt
34 collection agency unless such public authority has first obtained a
35 default judgment in a court or administrative tribunal with jurisdiction
36 over the assessed toll.
37 (b) A notice shall be sent by first-class mail advising the owner that
38 the debt described in paragraph (a) of this subdivision shall be sold or
39 transferred by the authority to a debt collection agency on a specified
40 date no less than thirty days prior to such sale or transfer.
41 14. Every public authority that operates any cashless tolling facili-
42 ty, photo-monitoring system, electronic toll collection system or tolls
43 by mail program shall promulgate rules and regulations that establish
44 the ability for owners to enter into installment payment plans for the
45 payment of any toll and/or penalty incurred as part of any cashless
46 tolling facility, photo-monitoring system, electronic toll collection
47 system or tolls by mail program. Information related to such plan shall
48 be included in any notice of liability pursuant to subdivision five of
49 this section and shall be displayed conspicuously on the authority's
50 websites. Each owner, at his or her election, may participate in such
51 plan. The public authority shall not charge any additional fees or
52 penalties for enrollment in a payment plan.
53 15. Every public authority that operates or maintains any cashless
54 tolling facility, photo-monitoring system, electronic toll collection
55 system or tolls by mail program shall submit an annual report on such
56 system or program to the governor, the temporary president of the senate
S. 492--B 6
1 and the speaker of the assembly and post such report on its website on
2 or before January second each year. Such report shall include, but not
3 be limited to, the following information relating to the immediately
4 preceding calendar year:
5 (a) the locations where vehicle sensors for photo-monitoring systems
6 were used;
7 (b) the aggregate number of tolls paid at the locations where cashless
8 tolling facilities were used, including both through the use of an elec-
9 tronic toll collection system and through the tolls by mail program;
10 (c) the number of owners that paid their toll through the tolls by
11 mail program;
12 (d) the number of owners that paid their toll upon receipt of the
13 first notice of liability pursuant to subdivision five of this section,
14 the number of owners that paid their toll upon receipt of the second
15 notice of liability pursuant to subdivision five of this section, the
16 number of owners that paid their toll upon receipt of the third notice
17 of liability pursuant to subdivision five of this section, and the
18 number of owners whose notices were returned to the public authority as
19 undeliverable;
20 (e) the number of owners that were charged fees or penalties pursuant
21 to this section, and the aggregate amount of fees or penalties, includ-
22 ing fees or penalties for late payments, and fees or penalties collected
23 by the authority broken down by the category of such fees or penalties;
24 (f) the number of owners that disputed a notice pursuant to this
25 section, including a breakdown of the number of owners that successfully
26 disputed such notice and an itemized breakdown of the reasons for
27 successfully disputed tolls;
28 (g) a copy of all rules and regulations the public authority has
29 promulgated pursuant to this section;
30 (h) the number of tolls adjudicated by every public authority and
31 court, including any appeal of such adjudications, and the results of
32 all adjudications including breakdowns of dispositions made for tolls
33 recorded by such systems;
34 (i) the total amount of revenue realized by such public authority from
35 such adjudications; and
36 (j) expenses incurred by such public authority in connection with any
37 cashless tolling facility, cashless tolling monitoring system, electron-
38 ic toll collection system or tolls by mail program implemented or oper-
39 ated by the public authority.
40 § 7. This act shall take effect immediately.
