Establishes the teachers' fossil fuel divestment act; requires the New York state teachers' retirement system to divest the retirement system of any stocks, securities, equities, assets, or other obligations of corporations or companies included on an exclusion list of coal producers and oil and gas producers.
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF LEGISLATION submitted in accordance with Assembly Rule III, Sec 1(f)
BILL NUMBER: A1101
SPONSOR: Kelles (MS) TITLE OF BILL:
An act to amend the education law, in relation to requiring the New York
state teachers' retirement system to divest the retirement system of any
investments in corporations or companies included on an exclusion list
of coal producers and oil and gas producers
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 sets forth the legislative findings.
Section 2 defines the legislation as the "Teachers' Fossil Fuel Divest-
ment Act."
Section 3 amends the education law, and sets forth the criteria for the
New York State Teachers' Retirement System to divest from fossil fuels.
JUSTIFICATION:
Climate change is a real and serious threat to the health, welfare, and
prosperity of all New Yorkers, now and in the future. Maintaining the
status quo of fossil fuel energy production will lead to catastrophic
results. Accordingly, this legislation requires that the New York State
Teachers' Retirement System divest from fossil fuels, so that the value
created by New York State's teachers is not used to make investments
that threaten the future they are working to build. In July 2019, New
York State passed the climate leadership and community protection act,
and committed to reducing statewide greenhouse gas emissions by eighty-
five percent by two thousand fifty, and net zero emissions in all
sectors of the economy. Other cities and states have chosen to pursue
similar paths to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
There are no existing laws or duties that require New York State to
invest in energy sources that are harmful to the environment, or in
contradiction to the goals of the climate leadership and community
protection act. To the contrary, there is no quarrel under New York law,
as there could not be, with the exercise of legislative power to
restrict the classes of investments that New York State public pension
funds might make. Moreover, there are ample investments that are avail-
able that do not present the same harms presented by fossil fuel compa-
nies.
Pension fund divestment has become common in recent years. Many cities
and states have recognized the harmful effects of investing in fossil
fuels, and have committed to divesting. Over 1,100 institutional inves-
tors representing more than $11 trillion in holdings have chosen to,
pursue full or partial divestment from fossil fuel producers, including
the New York City Employees Retirement System, the endowment and pension
funds of the University of California system, and the sovereign wealth
funds of Norway and Ireland.
New York owes duties to its residents, and the New York State Teachers'
Retirement System owes duties to future beneficiaries. These duties can
and should reasonably include considerations of human interests, quality
of life, public safety and security, and ultimately require a shift away
from fossil fuels to help mitigate the future adverse effects of climate
change. Accordingly, it is appropriate to amend the education law to
require such divestment.
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
A6331 of 2021-22: referred to governmental employees
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
This bill will have no effect on revenue or spending.
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This bill is effective immediately.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
1101
2023-2024 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY
January 13, 2023
___________
Introduced by M. of A. KELLES, MITAYNES, THIELE, BICHOTTE HERMELYN,
EPSTEIN, PAULIN, GONZALEZ-ROJAS, CARROLL, SIMON, MAMDANI, REYES, FAHY,
LUPARDO, GALLAGHER, STECK, D. ROSENTHAL, CLARK, SEAWRIGHT, L. ROSEN-
THAL, KIM, FORREST, ZEBROWSKI, CRUZ, JACKSON, BURGOS, WALKER, ZINER-
MAN, DICKENS, SEPTIMO, DAVILA, BURDICK, STERN, STIRPE, ANDERSON,
DARLING, PRETLOW, CONRAD, JACOBSON, McMAHON, LUNSFORD, SAYEGH, RAMOS,
COLTON, LAVINE, GLICK, GIBBS, HEVESI, BRONSON, BURKE, TAYLOR,
JEAN-PIERRE, OTIS, DINOWITZ -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. COOK --
read once and referred to the Committee on Governmental Employees
AN ACT to amend the education law, in relation to requiring the New York
state teachers' retirement system to divest the retirement system of
any investments in corporations or companies included on an exclusion
list of coal producers and oil and gas producers
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "teachers'
2 fossil fuel divestment act".
3 § 2. Legislative findings. 1. a. Climate change is a real and serious
4 threat to the health, welfare, and prosperity of all New Yorkers, now
5 and in the future. Maintaining the status quo of fossil fuel energy
6 production will lead to catastrophic results.
7 b. In July 2019, New York state passed the climate leadership and
8 community protection act and committed to reducing statewide greenhouse
9 gas emissions by eighty-five percent by 2050 and net zero emissions in
10 all sectors of the economy. Other cities and states have chosen to
11 pursue similar paths to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
12 c. The threat of climate change, and the transformation of the global
13 energy system that will be necessary to mitigate it, will have a serious
14 negative impact on investors whose assets are not aligned with the goal
15 of keeping the global average temperature increase below 1.5 degrees
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03486-01-3
A. 1101 2
1 Celsius, as determined by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on
2 Climate Change.
3 d. There are no existing legal or fiduciary duties that require New
4 York state's pension funds to invest in energy sources that are harmful
5 to the environment, or in contradiction to the goals of the climate
6 leadership and community protection act. Rather, there are alternative
7 investments that are available to our pension funds that do not present
8 such harms.
9 e. Many cities and states have recognized the harmful effects of
10 pension and investment funds investing in fossil fuels and have commit-
11 ted to divesting those funds. Over 1,100 institutional investors repres-
12 enting more than $11 trillion in holdings have chosen to pursue full or
13 partial divestment from fossil fuel producers, including the New York
14 city employees retirement system, the endowment and pension funds of the
15 University of California system, and the sovereign wealth funds of
16 Norway and Ireland.
17 2. a. Continued investment in fossil fuel producers poses unacceptable
18 risks to the people of the state of New York, as well as the long-term
19 sustainability of the New York state teachers' retirement system.
20 b. Investment in dangerous and harmful fossil fuels is not mandated by
21 law. The New York state common retirement fund, consistent with its
22 fiduciary duties, has committed to complete reviews of all fossil fuel
23 investments by 2025 and to divest from companies that fail to meet mini-
24 mum standards. It has also set a precedent by choosing to divest from
25 certain industries in the past due to the moral implications of their
26 business models, including private prisons, firearms manufacturers, and
27 companies doing business with Sudan, all while complying with the comp-
28 troller's fiduciary obligations.
29 c. New York owes duties to its residents, and the New York state
30 teachers' retirement system owes duties to future beneficiaries. These
31 duties can and should reasonably include considerations of human inter-
32 ests, quality of life, public safety and security, and ultimately
33 require a shift away from fossil fuels to help mitigate the future
34 adverse effects of climate change.
35 d. According to the U.S. Department of Labor's interpretive bulletin
36 2015-1, environmental issues "may have a direct relationship to the
37 economic value of the plan's investment, and are not merely collateral
38 considerations or tie-breakers, but rather are proper components of the
39 fiduciary's primary analysis of the economic merits of competing invest-
40 ment choices."
41 e. Attempting to profit from investments in companies whose business
42 models, public relations campaigns, and lobbying efforts not only fail
43 to comply with New York's statutory climate goals, but also put the
44 stability of our society and the safety of our citizens at risk, is
45 neither morally acceptable nor in compliance with the legislature's
46 responsibility to protect the financial security of current and future
47 pension beneficiaries.
48 f. Currently, the majority of fossil fuel producers are not adjusting
49 their business models to take into account the changing energy market,
50 investing billions of dollars in exploring and extracting new reserves,
51 creating stranded asset risk and the potential for rapid, unexpected,
52 and significant loss of value.
53 g. Attempting to beat the market by holding these investments until
54 the last possible moment is a high-risk strategy that could result in
55 the loss of investment principal. In the words of the decarbonization
56 advisory panel for the New York state common retirement fund, "being too
A. 1101 3
1 early in the avoidance of the risk of permanent loss is much less of a
2 danger than being too late."
3 h. In addition to the risks regarding retirement security, continued
4 investment in the fossil fuel industry is counterproductive to the goals
5 set forth in the climate leadership and community protection act.
6 § 3. The education law is amended by adding a new section 508-b to
7 read as follows:
8 § 508-b. Fossil fuel divestment. 1. Definitions. As used in this
9 section:
10 a. "coal producer" means any corporation or company, or any subsidiary
11 or parent of any corporation or company or partnership or other legal
12 entity, that derives at least ten percent of annual revenue from thermal
13 coal production, or accounts for more than one percent of global
14 production of thermal coal, or whose reported coal reserves contain more
15 than 0.3 gigatons of potential carbon dioxide emissions;
16 b. "exclusion list" means the list created pursuant to paragraph a of
17 subdivision two of this section;
18 c. "oil and gas producer" means any corporation or company, or any
19 subsidiary or parent of any corporation or company or partnership or
20 other legal entity, that derives at least twenty percent of annual
21 revenue from oil or gas production, or accounts for more than one
22 percent of global oil or gas production, or whose reported combined oil
23 and gas reserves contain more than 0.1 gigatons of potential carbon
24 dioxide emissions;
25 d. "oil or gas production" means exploration, extraction, drilling,
26 production, refining, processing, or distribution activities related to
27 oil or gas;
28 e. "thermal coal production" means mining, transport, processing, or
29 exploration activities related to thermal coal;
30 f. "oil and gas equipment, services, transportation and storage" means
31 services, transportation or storage activities related to oil and gas;
32 and
33 g. "index fund" means a passive investment strategy that tracks a
34 market index.
35 2. Fossil fuel company exclusion list. a. Within six months of the
36 effective date of this section, the retirement board shall create an
37 exclusion list of all coal producers and oil and gas producers in whose
38 stocks, securities, equities, fixed income, assets, or other obligations
39 the retirement system has any monies or assets directly invested.
40 b. Upon completion of the exclusion list, it shall be made publicly
41 available and a copy shall be sent to the temporary president of the
42 senate and the speaker of the assembly.
43 c. The retirement board shall submit notification to any corporation
44 or company that has been included in the exclusion list informing them
45 of their inclusion on such list, as well as the requirements of this
46 section.
47 d. At the retirement board's discretion, but no later than two years
48 after the completion of the exclusion list, and no less frequently than
49 biennially thereafter, the retirement board shall update the exclusion
50 list to remove any corporation or company that is no longer a coal
51 producer or an oil and gas producer and add any corporation or company
52 necessary to comply with paragraph a of this subdivision.
53 3. Removal from the exclusion list. a. At any time following the
54 publication of the exclusion list, any corporation or company included
55 in the list may submit to the retirement board a request for removal on
56 the basis of clear and convincing evidence that they are not currently a
A. 1101 4
1 coal producer or an oil and gas producer as defined in subdivision one
2 of this section.
3 b. Upon satisfaction that a corporation or company has met the
4 requirements of paragraph a of this subdivision, the retirement board
5 shall remove such corporation or company from the exclusion list and
6 provide a written explanation for such removal to the temporary presi-
7 dent of the senate and the speaker of the assembly.
8 4. Compliance with fiduciary duties. a. Nothing in this section shall
9 require a board to take action as described in this section unless the
10 board determines in good faith that the action described in this section
11 is consistent with the fiduciary responsibilities of the board under the
12 New York state constitution. Any new investments must comply with the
13 fiduciary obligations and the prudent investor rule as defined by
14 section 11-2.3 of the estates, powers and trusts law.
15 b. No private right of action shall be available against the retire-
16 ment system, any of its employees, or any present, future, and former
17 board member of the retirement system for divesting retirement system
18 assets pursuant to this section in good faith.
19 c. No private right of action shall be available against the state
20 pursuant to this section.
21 5. Divestment. a. Commencing one year after the effective date of this
22 section, and in accordance with sound investment criteria and consistent
23 with its fiduciary obligations, the retirement board and any investment
24 managers under contract with the retirement system shall: (i) divest the
25 retirement system of any stocks, securities, equities, assets, or other
26 obligations of corporations or companies on the exclusion list in which
27 any monies or assets of the retirement system are invested; and (ii)
28 cease new investments of any monies or assets of the retirement system
29 in any stocks, securities, or other obligations of any corporation or
30 company that is a coal producer or oil and gas producer as defined here-
31 in.
32 b. Divestment from oil and gas producers pursuant to this subdivision
33 shall be completed no later than two years from the effective date of
34 this section. Divestment from oil and gas producers returned to the
35 exclusion list pursuant to paragraph c of subdivision four of this
36 section shall be completed no later than two years from the date of
37 return to the exclusion list.
38 c. Divestment from coal producers pursuant to this subdivision shall
39 be completed no later than one year from the effective date of this
40 section. Divestment from coal producers returned to the exclusion list
41 pursuant to paragraph c of subdivision two of this section shall be
42 completed no later than one year from the date of return to the exclu-
43 sion list.
44 d. Divestment from private equity and private debt investments pursu-
45 ant to this subdivision shall occur expeditiously in a good faith
46 attempt to comply with the provisions of paragraphs b and c of this
47 subdivision, but no later than five years from the effective date of
48 this section.
49 e. The retirement system shall have the discretion to divest from any
50 other entities that it in good faith believes are directly or indirectly
51 financing oil and gas producers, or coal producers, regardless of wheth-
52 er such entity otherwise meets the criteria of this subdivision.
53 6. Limitations on indirect investment. Notwithstanding any provisions
54 in this section to the contrary, and in accordance with sound investment
55 criteria and consistent with its fiduciary obligations, the retirement
56 board shall be permitted to invest in index funds if the board is satis-
A. 1101 5
1 fied on reasonable grounds and in good faith that such indirect invest-
2 ment vehicle does not have in excess of one percent of its assets, aver-
3 aged annually, directly or indirectly invested in coal producers and oil
4 and gas producers.
5 7. Reporting. a. Commencing one year after the effective date of this
6 section and annually thereafter the retirement board shall issue a
7 report to the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the
8 assembly and shall make such report publicly available, outlining all
9 actions taken to comply with this section.
10 b. To the extent that the retirement system has remaining private
11 equity or private debt investments in any oil and gas producers, or coal
12 producers, the retirement board shall prominently make note of such
13 investments and all attempts that have been made to expeditiously
14 complete its divestment obligations to date. The board shall provide
15 public notice of this annual report and an opportunity for public
16 comment on the retirement system's divestments pursuant to this act of
17 at least sixty days.
18 § 4. This act shall take effect immediately.
